Best Prescription Medications for Gastritis

Introduction

Gastritis is a common digestive condition that causes inflammation of the stomach lining as well as a range of uncomfortable symptoms.

There are many possible causes of gastritis, including bacterial infections, certain medications, and lifestyle factors like alcohol consumption and smoking. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include abdominal pain, nausea, bloating, and indigestion.

Fortunately, there are several treatment options available for managing gastritis, including over-the-counter remedies, prescription medications, and lifestyle changes. In this article, we'll explore the causes, symptoms, and diagnostic process for gastritis, as well as the various treatment options, focusing on prescription medications.

Causes and Risk Factors of Gastritis

One of the most common causes of gastritis is an infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacteria can colonize the stomach lining and cause chronic inflammation if left untreated. It is estimated that over 50% of the world's population is infected with H. pylori, though not all will develop gastritis. 2

Another significant risk factor for gastritis is the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. These medications can irritate the stomach lining and cause inflammation over time, especially when used in high doses or for longer periods. 3 Other medications, such as certain antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and potassium supplements, can also contribute to gastritis. 4

Lifestyle factors play a role in gastritis risk as well. Excessive alcohol consumption can irritate and damage the stomach lining, as well as smoking cigarettes. 5,6 High levels of stress have also been linked to an increased risk of gastritis, possibly from changes in stomach acid production and immune function. 7

In some cases, gastritis may be caused by an autoimmune disorder, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the stomach lining. This type of gastritis, known as autoimmune gastritis, is more common in people with other autoimmune conditions, such as thyroid disorders or type 1 diabetes. 8

Finally, certain dietary habits may make gastritis symptoms worse, such as eating spicy, acidic, or fatty foods. However, while these foods may worsen symptoms in some people, they do not directly cause gastritis. 9

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Gastritis

The symptoms of gastritis can vary from person to person and may depend on the underlying cause. Common symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain or discomfort, often in the upper abdomen 10
• Nausea and vomiting 11
• Bloating and a feeling of fullness 12
• Indigestion or burning sensation in the stomach 13
• Loss of appetite 14
• Dark, tarry stools (a sign of bleeding in the stomach) 15

Gastritis can be acute, meaning it comes on suddenly and lasts for a short time, or chronic, lasting for months or even years. Acute gastritis is often caused by an infection or the use of certain medications, while chronic gastritis is more commonly associated with H. pylori infection or autoimmune disorders. 16,17

To diagnose gastritis, a healthcare provider will typically start by reviewing your medical history and conducting a physical exam. They may then recommend one or more diagnostic tests, such as:

• Blood tests to check for H. pylori antibodies or anemia 18
• Stool tests to detect the presence of H. pylori or blood in the stool 19
• Breath tests to measure the presence of H. pylori in the stomach 20
• Upper endoscopy, a procedure that uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera to visualize the stomach lining and take tissue samples for biopsy 21

Over-the-Counter Treatments for Gastritis

For mild cases of gastritis, over-the-counter (OTC) treatments may relieve symptoms. These include:

• Antacids: These medications, such as Tums, Rolaids, and Maalox, work by neutralizing stomach acid, providing quick relief from pain and discomfort. 22 However, they do not address the underlying cause of gastritis and may not be ideal for long-term use.
• H2 blockers: Medications like Pepcid (famotidine) and Tagamet (cimetidine) reduce the amount of acid produced by the stomach, allowing the stomach lining to heal. 23 They are available in both OTC and prescription strengths.
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): OTC PPIs, such as Prilosec (omeprazole) and Nexium (esomeprazole), are the most potent acid-suppressing medications available without a prescription. 24 They work by blocking the enzyme that produces acid in the stomach.
• Bismuth subsalicylate: Found in products like Pepto-Bismol and Kaopectate, bismuth subsalicylate can help relieve gastritis symptoms by coating and protecting the stomach lining. 25 It also has antibacterial properties that may help fight H. pylori infection.

While OTC treatments can be effective for managing mild gastritis symptoms, they may not be right for everyone. Long-term use of acid-suppressing medications can lead to side effects, such as a higher risk of bacterial infections and nutrient deficiencies. 26 OTC treatments also may not address the underlying cause of gastritis, such as H. pylori infection or autoimmune disorders.

Prescription Medications for Gastritis

In cases where OTC treatments are ineffective or the underlying cause of gastritis requires targeted therapy, prescription medications may be needed. The most common prescription treatments for gastritis include:

• Antibiotics for H. pylori eradication: If H. pylori is identified as the cause of gastritis, a combination of antibiotics, such as clarithromycin, amoxicillin, or metronidazole, along with a PPI, will be prescribed to clear the infection. 1 Treatment typically lasts for 14 days.
• Prescription-strength PPIs and H2 blockers: For more severe cases of gastritis, higher doses of PPIs or H2 blockers may be prescribed to effectively reduce stomach acid production and promote healing. 27 These medications may be used for a longer period than OTC medications.
• Medications for autoimmune gastritis: In cases of autoimmune gastritis, medications that suppress the immune system, such as corticosteroids or immunomodulators, may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and prevent further damage to the stomach lining. 2

As with any prescription medication, there is a risk of side effects and interactions with other drugs. Common side effects of antibiotics used to treat H. pylori include nausea, diarrhea, and taste disturbances. 28 Long-term use of PPIs is also linked to increased risk of bone fractures, kidney disease, and certain bacterial infections. 29 Discuss the potential risks and benefits of prescription medications with a healthcare provider and follow dosing instructions carefully.

For people who have been prescribed medication for gastritis, online pharmacies can provide a convenient way to fill prescriptions without the need to visit a physical pharmacy. Many online pharmacies offer competitive pricing, home delivery, and the ability to manage prescriptions through a secure online portal.

Lifestyle Changes to Manage Gastritis

In addition to medical treatment, lifestyle changes can play a significant role in managing gastritis symptoms and preventing it from coming back. Some key lifestyle changes include:

• Dietary changes: Avoiding foods and beverages that irritate the stomach lining, such as spicy, acidic, or fatty foods, alcohol, and caffeine, can help reduce gastritis symptoms. 30 Eating smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding eating late at night may also be helpful.
• Stress reduction: As stress can make gastritis symptoms worse, finding ways to manage stress, such as through relaxation techniques, meditation, or exercise, can be helpful. 31
• Quitting smoking: Smoking can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of gastritis and other digestive disorders. 32 Quitting smoking can help reduce symptoms and promote healing.
• Avoiding NSAIDs: If NSAIDs are a contributing factor to your gastritis, limiting or stopping use under the guidance of a healthcare provider can help prevent further damage to the stomach lining. 15
• Probiotic supplementation: Some studies suggest that probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria that help maintain a healthy gut microbiome, may help reduce inflammation and improve symptoms in people with gastritis. 33

Sticking to the prescribed treatment plan, along with these lifestyle changes, can help manage gastritis symptoms and prevent complications. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider can help monitor progress and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

Conclusion

Gastritis is a common digestive condition that can cause a range of uncomfortable symptoms. While there are many potential causes, including H. pylori infection, medication use, and lifestyle factors, most cases of gastritis can be effectively managed with a combination of medical treatment and lifestyle changes.

Working closely with a healthcare provider is important for an accurate diagnosis, determining the underlying cause of gastritis, and developing an appropriate treatment plan. By following the prescribed treatment regimen and making lifestyle changes to reduce risk factors, most people with gastritis can find relief from symptoms and prevent complications.

Citations:

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