Polymyalgia Rheumatica

What is polymyalgia rheumatica?

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a chronic condition that causes inflammation, aching pain, and morning stiffness. It affects muscles close to the middle of the body, including the shoulders, hips, and back.

Symptoms

You may suddenly notice symptoms that weren’t there before. Pain and stiffness tend to occur in the upper arms, and you may have trouble raising them above the shoulders. You may also have aching in your joints such as the hands and wrists.

Polymyalgia rheumatica is classified as an autoimmune disease and inflammatory condition, though its exact cause remains unknown. As an autoimmune disease, it occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, particularly in the muscles and joints. This immune response leads to widespread inflammation, which is responsible for the characteristic pain and stiffness experienced by those with PMR. The inflammatory nature of the condition is evident in the elevated levels of inflammatory markers, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), often found in blood tests of affected individuals. While the specific trigger for this autoimmune response is not fully understood, it is believed that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, possibly including viral infections, may play a role in the development of polymyalgia rheumatica.

Its cause is not known, but it is more common in people over 50 years old. The average age when symptoms start is 70, so people who have PMR may be in their 80s or even older.

Treatment

You should see a doctor within the next day to discuss your symptoms. PMR can be evaluated with a review of your symptoms and medical history. Your provider may also perform a blood test. Once diagnosed, it can be treated with prescription steroid medication, which can improve symptoms within one week.